Tag: European defense policy
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Coal Consumption in Europe at Scale: A Continent in Managed Decline
Coal consumption in Europe is falling rapidly in both absolute and relative terms, but it remains highly concentrated in a few countries and still plays a strategic—if diminishing—role in the continent’s energy system. The European Union’s coal story is, above all, a story of scale and decline. At its peak around the late 1990s and…
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Europe’s Peacekeeping Gamble: How France’s 6,000 Troops Could Anchor Ukraine’s Post‑War Security
France’s decision to prepare the deployment of 6,000 troops to Ukraine after a peace agreement marks one of the boldest European security moves of the post–Cold War era, signalling a deliberate attempt to anchor Ukraine’s future with primarily European – not American – ground forces. The initiative, built around a broader Coalition of the Willing…